Involvement of oxidative stress on the impairment of energy metabolism induced by A beta peptides on PC12 cells: protection by antioxidants.

Pereira C, Santos MS, Oliveira C.

Faculty of Medicine, 
University of Coimbra, Portugal.
Neurobiol Dis 1999 Jun;6(3):209-19

ABSTRACT

Alzheimer's disease is widely held to be associated with oxidative stress due, in part, to the membrane action of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) aggregates.  In this study, the involvement of oxidative stress on A beta-induced energy metabolism dysfunction was evaluated on PC12 cells.  It was shown that A beta peptides (A beta25-35 and A beta1-40) induce a concentration-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease the cellular redox activity, and lead to the depletion of ATP levels.  The observed inhibition by A beta of mitochondrial function and of glycolysis is blocked by the antioxidants vitamin E, idebenone, and GSH ethyl ester.  Taken together, these data suggest that exposure of PC12 cells to A beta results in an impairment of energy metabolism, leading to a deficit in ATP levels and to the compromise of cellular viability.  Furthermore, the generation of ROS seems to be a crucial event responsible for the energetic metabolic dysfunction induced by A beta.

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Idebenone - the ultimate anti-aging drug.  (article)
  
Alzheimer's disease
Idebenone  in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Idebenone  efficacy of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Idebenone  Nerve Growth Factor synthesis stimulators in Alzheimer's disease
Idebenone  in the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer type
Idebenone  cognitive enhancement therapy for Alzheimer's disease

MELAS
Idebenone  improves cerebral mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in MELAS
Idebenone  in young patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone  therapy in Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone  and Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone  successful therapy with idebenone in Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
 .
Cardiomyopathy
Idebenone  improvement in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy following treatment with idebenone
Idebenone   effect of idebenone on cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's ataxia
 .
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
Idebenone  does it shorten the time to visual recovery in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy?
Idebenone  improvement in a patient with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)

Misc.
Idebenone  use in age-related cognitive disorders

Idebenone  protects hippocampal neurons against beta amyloid neurotoxicity

Idebenone  functions as a potent protective hepatocyte antioxidant

Idebenone  neuroprotective effects of idebenone can be attributed to its antioxidant ability

Idebenone  inhibition of brain mitochondrial swelling

Idebenone  suppression of cold ischemia/reperfusion injury of liver endothelium

Idebenone  ability to eliminate a nitroxide radical in the rat

Idebenone  interaction with respiratory complexes of heart mitochondria

Idebenone  effect on serotonin release and seroton receptors in rats

Idebenone  protects hepatic microsomes against damage in organ preservation solutions

Idebenone  protects against toxicity induced by low density lipoprotein

Idebenone  protects against disorders due to cerebral hypoxia or ischemia

Idebenone  protects against toxicity induced by low density lipoprotein

Idebenone  attenuates neuronal degeneration induced by excitotoxins

Idebenone  augments long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices in the guinea pig

Idebenone  effects on electroencephalograms of patients with cerebrovascular disorders
   
Idebenone  effects on respiratory activities of brain mitochondria

Idebenone  effects on lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of stroke-prone, hypertensive rats

Idebenone  brain distribution and its effect on local cerebral glucose utilization in rats

Idebenone  effects on acetylcholine levels in the brains of rats with cerebral ischemia

Idebenone  protective effect of idebenone against hypoxia in mice

Idebenone  improves learning and memory impairment induced in rats

Idebenone  effects of idebenone on neurological deficits in stroke-prone rats

Idebenone  effects on memory induced impairment in rats

Idebenone  effects of idebenone on cerebral blood flow in rats with cerebral ischemia

Idebenone  inhibition of brain mitochondrial swelling by idebenone

Idebenone  inhibition of platelet aggregation by idebenone

Idebenone  effects of idebenone on monoamine metabolites of patients with dementia

Idebenone  effects of idebenone on metabolism of monoamines and cyclic AMP formation

Idebenone  effects on impairment of radial maze learning in cerebral embolized rats

Idebenone  effect of idebenone on lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate

Idebenone  effects on muricidal behavior in rats with raphe lesions  

Idebenone  inhibitory effect of idebenone on vascular lesions in hypertensive rats

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